Pyrophosphate piperazine (PAPP)

Pyrophosphate piperazine (PAPP, CAS: 66034-17-1) is a chemical compound formed by the combination of pyrophosphate and piperazine (a heterocyclic organic compound).

Basic Information:

- CAS Number: 66034-17-1 

- Appearance: Typically a white crystalline powder (exact form may vary). 

- Solubility: Soluble in water (due to ionic nature). 

Application:

1. Pharmaceutical Applications 

(a) Buffering Agent & Excipient 

- PAPP may serve as a pH stabilizer in liquid formulations (e.g., injectables,oral suspensions) due to the buffering capacity of piperazine (weak base) and pyrophosphate (acidic). 

- Used in effervescent tablets where controlled release of CO₂ is needed (pyrophosphate can react with carbonates). 

(b) Anthelmintic & Antimicrobial Potential 

- Piperazine derivatives (e.g., piperazine citrate) are classic anti-parasitic drugs (treating roundworms, pinworms). 

- Pyrophosphate analogs (e.g., fosmidomycin) inhibit microbial isoprenoid biosynthesis, suggesting PAPP could have antibacterial/antimalarial applications. 

(c) Bone Metabolism & Dental Care 

- Pyrophosphate (PPi) is a natural calcification inhibitor, used in tartar-control toothpaste (e.g., in combination with sodium pyrophosphate). 

- Potential use in osteoporosis research since PPi regulates hydroxyapatite crystal growth in bones. 

(d) Drug Delivery & Chelation 

- Piperazine improves water solubility of drugs, possibly enhancing bioavailability. 

- Pyrophosphate’s metal-chelating ability could be useful in heavy metal detoxification or as a contrast agent stabilizer in imaging. 

2. Industrial & Chemical Applications 

(a) Corrosion Inhibition 

- Pyrophosphate is used in cooling water treatments to prevent scale/corrosion in pipelines. 

- Piperazine enhances film-forming inhibitors in acidic environments (e.g., oil refineries). 

(b) Detergents & Cleaning Agents 

- Pyrophosphate acts as a water softener by binding Ca²⁺/Mg² ions, improving surfactant efficiency. 

- Piperazine derivatives are used in fabric softeners due to their cationic properties. 

(c) Flame Retardancy 

-Pyrophosphate-containing compounds can decompose endothermically,releasing non-flammable gases (e.g., NH₃ from piperazine). 

- Potential use in fire-resistant coatings for textiles or plastics. 

(d) Polymer & Adhesive Modifier 

- Pyrophosphate can cross-link polymers (e.g., in starch-based adhesives). 

- Piperazine acts as a curing agent in epoxy resins. 

3. Biochemical & Research Applications 

(a) Enzyme Inhibition & Metabolic Studies 

- Pyrophosphate analogs (e.g., Foscarnet) inhibit viral DNA polymerases, suggesting PAPP could be explored for antiviral research. 

- Used in real-time PCR as a byproduct monitor (pyrophosphate release indicates DNA amplification). 

(b) Calcium Phosphate Deposition Studies 

- PAPP may regulate biomineralization (e.g., in studies on kidney stones or vascular calcification). 

(c) Cell Culture & Diagnostics 

- Piperazine buffers (e.g., PIPES) are common in cell biology media; PAPP could be an alternative. 

- Pyrophosphate is a marker for bone turnover assays (e.g., in osteoporosis diagnostics). 

4. Emerging & Niche Applications 

-Food Additive: Pyrophosphates are used in meat processing (retain moisture); piperazine may enhance preservation. 

- Battery Electrolytes: Pyrophosphate-based compounds are studied for Li-ion batteries (improved thermal stability). 

-Agriculture: As a micronutrient carrier (e.g., for magnesium or zinc in fertilizers). 

 Safety & Handling:

-Toxicity: Limited specific data, but piperazine derivatives can be irritants; pyrophosphate may affect calcium metabolism. 

- Precautions: Use standard lab PPE (gloves, goggles) and avoid inhalation/ingestion. 

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