Bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) of TBBA

Bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) of TBBA (BDDP, CAS 21850-44-2),BDDP was used as an additive flame retardant in various industries due to its high bromine content and compatibility with polymers. 

1. Basic Information

- Chemical Formula: Likely C21H20Br8O3(varies based on ether linkage). 

- Molecular Weight: ~943.6 g/mol. 

- Appearance: White to off-white powder/solid (typical for brominated flame retardants). 

- Bromine Content: ~67% (provides high flame retardancy). 

- Thermal Stability: Decomposes above ~200°C, limiting high-temperature applications. 

2. Applications 

A. Plastics & Polymers 

-Polyolefins (PP, PE, EVA): Wire & cable insulation, automotive parts, electronic housings. 

- Polystyrene (PS) & ABS: Consumer electronics, appliances, construction materials. 

- Polyurethane (PU) Foams: Furniture, insulation (less common due to migration risks). 

B. Textiles & Coatings 

- Fire-resistant fabrics (curtains, carpets, upholstery) to meet standards like California TB 117. 

- Flame-retardant coatings & adhesives. 

C. Electronics & Electrical Components 

- Printed circuit boards (PCBs) (though TBBPA was more dominant). 

- Plastic enclosures for TVs, computers, and appliances. 

D. Rubber & Elastomers 

- Conveyor belts, gaskets, seals requiring flame resistance. 

3. Advantages

- Highly effective flame suppression (bromine radicals interrupt combustion). 

- Good polymer compatibility without severely affecting mechanical properties. 

- Alternative to banned TRIS (tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate). 

 4. Decline & Regulatory Issues 

-BDDP faced restrictions due to: 

- Potential carcinogenicity (similar to TRIS, banned in the 1970s). 

- Bioaccumulation & environmental persistence. 

- Toxicity concerns (endocrine disruption, possible reproductive effects). 

- Likely banned/restricted under EU REACH, US EPA TSCA, and Stockholm Convention. 

5. Key Challenges 

- Leaching risk: Additive flame retardants like BDDP can migrate out of products. 

- Processing limitations: Not suitable for very high-temperature plastics. 

- Regulatory scrutiny: Increasing global restrictions on brominated flame retardants. 

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