Brominated polystyrene (BPS)

Brominated polystyrene (BPS),CAS No.88497-56-7 is a high-molecular-weight polymer in which bromine atoms are bonded to the polystyrene backbone. It is widely used as a flame retardant in various polymers, including engineering plastics, automotive industry to meet fire safety standards. 

Basic Information:

- Chemical Formula: (C₈H₇Br)ₙ 

- Appearance: White to off-white powder or granules 

- Bromine Content: Typically 60-70% by weight 

- Thermal Stability: High (decomposes at >300°C) 

- Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in some organic solvents 

Applications: 

1. Electronics & Electrical Components 

BPS is widely used in halogenated flame-retardant (HFFR) formulations for: 

- Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)

- Enhances fire resistance without compromising electrical insulation. 

- Connectors & Sockets

- Prevents ignition in high-current applications. 

- LED Housing & Light Diffusers

- Meets UL94 V-0 flammability standards. 

- Power Supplies & Adapters

- Used in housings to prevent fire spread. 

Key Advantages 

- High thermal stability (does not degrade during molding). 

- Low impact on dielectric properties (important for electronics). 

2. Automotive Industry 

BPS is incorporated into high-temperature-resistant plastics for: 

- Engine Components (e.g., connectors, sensors, under-the-hood parts). 

- Battery Housings (for EVs, where flame retardancy is critical). 

- Interior Parts (e.g., dashboards, seating components). 

Key Advantages 

- Meets automotive flammability standards (e.g., ISO 3795, FMVSS 302). 

- Low smoke emission compared to some alternatives. 

3. Industrial & Construction Materials 

- Cable Insulation & Jacketing

- Used in LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) alternatives where moderate halogen content is allowed. 

- Thermoplastic Pipes & Fittings

- Flame-retarded polyamides (nylon 6, nylon 66) for industrial use. 

- Enclosures for Machinery

- Protects against electrical fires. 

Key Advantages 

- Better processability than brominated epoxy resins. 

- Lower corrosivity than some brominated additives. 

4. Consumer Goods & Appliances 

- Power Tool Casings – Prevents ignition from electrical faults. 

- Household Appliances (e.g., coffee makers, hairdryers). 

- IT Equipment (laptop frames, printer components). 

Key Advantages 

- Compatible with high-impact plastics (e.g., ABS, PC/ABS blends). 

- Does not discolor the final product (unlike some phosphate-based retardants). 

Advantages over Other Brominated Flame Retardants 

- High thermal stability – suitable for high-temperature processing 

- Low leaching – minimal migration from polymers 

- Good compatibility with engineering plastics 

Safety & Environmental Concerns 

- Not classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) under the Stockholm Convention. 

- Unlike some brominated flame retardants (e.g.,PBDEs), BPS is considered less bioaccumulative. 

- However, proper handling is required to avoid inhalation of dust. 

Regulatory Status 

- EU REACH: Registered 

- US EPA: Evaluated under TSCA 

- RoHS Compliance: Generally exempt (not restricted under RoHS Directive) 

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